In 2015, BC had 31 water treatment plants with an installed capacity of 12,146 litres per second (L s −1) and a treated water flow of approximately 6,984.3 L s −1 ( CONAGUA 2015). Likewise, the state holds another source of freshwater besides rivers and aquifers, although on a smaller scale: treated water. It has 3 main water dams: Rodriguez, El Carrizo and Emilio Lopez Zapata, which in 2018 accounted for a total of 282.11 hm 3 of water. Water extraction from aquifers is also compromised, from 48 aquifers registered in BC, in 15 there is no water availability, 11 are overexploited, 7 have saline intrusion and in 3 the water is brackish ( SINA 2018).Ĭoncerning hydraulic infrastructure, Baja California had a 95.43% drinking water coverage and 96.01% sewer access, both in year 2015 ( SINA 2015). The remaining 72 hm 3 are on Mexican territory. The major source of clean water in the state comes from the Colorado River, it has a total natural surface runoff of 1,922 hm 3 year −1 from which 1,850 hm 3 are delivered to Mexico due to an international treaty signed in 1944 ( AAM 2018). Permanent rivers are scarce and the two most important watersheds are binational basins shared with the United States (Colorado and Tijuana rivers). In 2017, BC had a precipitation of 131.8 mm and a total renewable water of 3,045 hm 3 year −1 from which 2,093 hm 3 were surface water and 952 hm 3 were groundwater ( EAM 2018). Considering the yearly information from 1980 to 2018 ( SMN 2019), the average maximum atmospheric temperature was 26.8 ± 0.89 ☌ and the minimum 11.7 ± 1.48 ☌, with an average yearly accumulated rain of 200 mm. The climate in BC is mostly very dry (68%), dry and semi-dry (24%), and temperate subhumid (7%). Baja California has 1,380 km of coastline, of which 740 km corresponds to the Pacific coast and 640 km to the Cortes Sea. It has a territorial extension of 70,113 km 2 and occupies the Northern part of the Baja California peninsula, a piece of land surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the West and the Sea of Cortes to the East. It limits the North with the state of California on the Mexico-United States border. Although this option is the best quantitatively, the political and social implications of it are enormous however, the correct management of the resource in critical conditions will require difficult decisions.īaja California state (BC) is located in the Northwest part of Mexico ( Figure 2). The best option in economic terms to attain this goal was the reduction of croplands in Mexicali with a cost of around 82 million US dollars. The results show that by 2030, BC will need a total of 4,105 hm 3 of water to be classified as a non-water scarcity region in 2018, BC had 3,045 hm 3 of renewable water per year, therefore 1,060 m 3 will be needed. As agriculture is the main water consumer in the region, empirical decomposition and optimization methods were used to define the trend line of the principal crops production and to establish the optimum conditions for planted surface reduction and water gain. A population of 4.1 million people was defined for year 2030 as a target to provide at least 1,000 m 3 of water per capita. It aims to estimate the water needs by 2030, and propose scenarios to move out of the scarce water region classification defined by international organizations. 1974: The southern territory becomes the 31st state, Baja California Sur.This paper shows the actual conditions of freshwater availability in Baja California (BC), Mexico.1952: Northern Baja California becomes the 29th state of Mexico.In 1850, after Alta California has been annexed by the United States to become the US state of California, Baja California is further divided into northern and southern territories.1804: The Spanish colony of California is divided into Alta ("high") and Baja ("low") California at the line separating the Franciscan missions in the north from the Dominican missions in the south. 1690s- 1700s: Spanish settlement in California.The state has a population of 2.6 million ( 2001 estimate), over 75% of whom live in the cities of Tijuana and Mexicali, the state capital. Most of the state is a peninsula, bordered on the north by the United States, the west by the Pacific Ocean, the east by Sonora and the Sea of Cortez, and the south by Baja California Sur. Baja California is one of the 31 states of Mexico.
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